Bone Marrow Stem Cells

The bone marrow cavity in the hip contains a source of multipotent stem cells, platelets, growth factors, adhesion molecules and other proteins responsible for tissue repair and regeneration. Through simple aspiration, a physician can obtain all of these cells from the bone marrow.

Concentrated bone marrow contains enhanced levels of:

Bone Marrow-Mesenchemyl Stem (BM-MS) Cells for bone formation^1,2,3,4

BM-MS cells decrease with age
Concentrating mimics the cell load and healing potential of young patients
Convert directly to bone and work in areas of hypoxia

Endothelial Stem Cells for supporting vasculature⁵

Healing is impaired until the vasculature is restored
Converts directly to vasculature
Stimulate BM-MS cells
Stimulated by and work in areas of hypoxia

Hematopoietic Stem Cells for supplying nutrients^6,7,8

Form blood cells
Cell-to-cell contact with BM-MS cells stimulate osteogenesis

Platelets to modulate the regeneration process⁹

Recruit bone marrow progenitor cells to foci of injury
Provide adhesion sites for stem cells
Platelet-fibrin clot/network provides migration highway at the site of injury

Adhesion Molecules¹⁰

Mediate cell-to-cell adhesion
Maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, and cellular migration

Tondreau, T, et al, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from CD133-Positive Cells in Mobilized Peripheral Blood and Cord Blood: Proliferation, Oct4 Expression, and Plasticity, Stem Cells, 2005; 23:1105-1112
Stenderup, K, et al, Aging is Associated with Decreased Maximal Life Span and Accelerated Senescence of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Bone, 2003; 33:919-926
Hernigou, P, et al. Percutaneous autologous bone marrow grafting for nonunions: Influence of the number and concentration of progenitor cells. J Bone Joint Surg 2005;87:1430-1437.
Connolly, J, et al, Development of an Osteogenic Bone Marrow Preparation, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1989; 684-691
Jung, Y, et al, Hematopoietic Stem Cells Regulate Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Induction into Osteoblasts Thereby Participating in the Formation of the Stem Cell Niche, Stem Cells, 2008; 26:2042-2051
Matsumoto, T, et al, Therapeutic Potential of Vasculogenesis and Osteogenesis Promoted by Peripheral Blood CD34-Positive cells for Functional Bone Healing, American Journal of Pathology, 2006; 169:1440-1457
Matsumoto, T, et al, Fracture Induced Mobilization and Incorporation of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Bone Healing, Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2008; 215:234-242
Mifune, Y, et al, Local delivery of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Mobilized CD34-Positive Progenitor Cells Using Bioscaffold for Modality of Unhealing Bone Fracture, Stem Cells, 2008; 26:1395-1405
Massberg, S, et al, Platelets Secrete Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 and Recruit Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells to Arterial Thrombi In Vivo, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2006; 5:1221-1233
Hermann, P, et al, Concentration of Bone Marrow Total Nucleated Cells by a Point-of-Care Device Provides a High Yield and Preserves Their Functional Activity, Cell Transplantation, 2008; 16:1059-1069