Bone Marrow Stem Cells
The bone marrow cavity in the hip contains a source of multipotent stem cells, platelets, growth factors, adhesion molecules and other proteins responsible for tissue repair and regeneration. Through simple aspiration, a physician can obtain all of these cells from the bone marrow.
Concentrated bone marrow contains enhanced levels of:
Bone Marrow-Mesenchemyl Stem (BM-MS) Cells for bone formation1,2,3,4
- BM-MS cells decrease with age
- Concentrating mimics the cell load and healing potential of young patients
- Convert directly to bone and work in areas of hypoxia
Endothelial Stem Cells for supporting vasculature
5
- Healing is impaired until the vasculature is restored
- Converts directly to vasculature
- Stimulate BM-MS cells
- Stimulated by and work in areas of hypoxia
Hematopoietic Stem Cells for supplying nutrients
6,7,8
- Form blood cells
- Cell-to-cell contact with BM-MS cells stimulate osteogenesis
Platelets to modulate the regeneration process
9
- Recruit bone marrow progenitor cells to foci of injury
- Provide adhesion sites for stem cells
- Platelet-fibrin clot/network provides migration highway at the site of injury
Adhesion Molecules10
- Mediate cell-to-cell adhesion
- Maintenance of tissue integration, wound healing, and cellular migration
- Tondreau, T, et al, Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from CD133-Positive Cells in Mobilized Peripheral Blood and Cord Blood: Proliferation, Oct4 Expression, and Plasticity, Stem Cells, 2005; 23:1105-1112
- Stenderup, K, et al, Aging is Associated with Decreased Maximal Life Span and Accelerated Senescence of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, Bone, 2003; 33:919-926
- Hernigou, P, et al. Percutaneous autologous bone marrow grafting for nonunions: Influence of the number and concentration of progenitor cells. J Bone Joint Surg 2005;87:1430-1437.
- Connolly, J, et al, Development of an Osteogenic Bone Marrow Preparation, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 1989; 684-691
- Jung, Y, et al, Hematopoietic Stem Cells Regulate Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Induction into Osteoblasts Thereby Participating in the Formation of the Stem Cell Niche, Stem Cells, 2008; 26:2042-2051
- Matsumoto, T, et al, Therapeutic Potential of Vasculogenesis and Osteogenesis Promoted by Peripheral Blood CD34-Positive cells for Functional Bone Healing, American Journal of Pathology, 2006; 169:1440-1457
- Matsumoto, T, et al, Fracture Induced Mobilization and Incorporation of Bone Marrow-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Cells for Bone Healing, Journal of Cellular Physiology, 2008; 215:234-242
- Mifune, Y, et al, Local delivery of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Mobilized CD34-Positive Progenitor Cells Using Bioscaffold for Modality of Unhealing Bone Fracture, Stem Cells, 2008; 26:1395-1405
- Massberg, S, et al, Platelets Secrete Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 and Recruit Bone Marrow-Derived Progenitor Cells to Arterial Thrombi In Vivo, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2006; 5:1221-1233
- Hermann, P, et al, Concentration of Bone Marrow Total Nucleated Cells by a Point-of-Care Device Provides a High Yield and Preserves Their Functional Activity, Cell Transplantation, 2008; 16:1059-1069